|
}} | common_name = Great Britain | continent = Europe | region = British Isles | country = United Kingdom | life_span = 1707–1800 | p1 = Kingdom of England | flag_p1 = Flag of England.svg | p2 = Kingdom of Scotland | flag_p2 = Flag of Scotland (traditional).svg | s1 = United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland | flag_s1 = Flag of the United Kingdom.svg | coa_size = 100px | image_flag = Union flag 1606 (Kings Colors).svgborder | image_coat = Coat of Arms of Great Britain (1714-1801).svg | symbol = Royal coat of arms of Great Britain | symbol_type = Royal coat of arms | image_map = Europe-Great Britain.svg | image_map_caption = | capital = London | common_languages = English (official), Scots, Norn, Welsh, Cornish, Scottish Gaelic, Angloromani | government_type = Unitary parliamentary constitutional monarchy | title_leader = Monarch | leader1 = Anne | year_leader1=1707–1714 | leader2 = George I | year_leader2 = 1714–1727 | leader3 = George II | year_leader3 = 1727–1760 | leader4 = George III | year_leader4 = 1760–1800 | title_deputy = Prime Minister | deputy1 = Robert Walpole | year_deputy1 = 1721–1742 | deputy2 = Spencer Compton | year_deputy2 = 1742–1743 | deputy3 = Duke of Newcastle | year_deputy3 = 1757–1762 | deputy4 = William Pitt the Elder | year_deputy4 = 1766–1768 | deputy5 = Lord North | year_deputy5 = 1770–1782 | deputy6 = William Pitt the Younger | year_deputy6 = 1783–1800 | legislature = Parliament | house1 = House of Lords | house2 = House of Commons | event_pre = Treaty of Union | date_pre = 22 July 1706 | event_start = Acts of Union | date_start = 1 May | year_start = 1707 | event_end = Union with Ireland | date_end = 1 January | year_end = 1801 | stat_year2 = 1707 | stat_area2 = 230977 | stat_pop2 = 7000000 | stat_year3 =1800 | stat_area3 = 230977 | stat_pop3 = 10500000 | stat_year1 = Total | stat_area1 = 230977 | currency = Pound sterling | today = | width = 265px | footnote_a = Monarch of England and Scotland from 1702 to 1707. | footnote_b = Continued as monarch of the United Kingdom until 1820. }} The Kingdom of Great Britain, officially Great Britain ,〔"After the political union of England and Scotland in 1707, the nation's official name became 'Great Britain'", ''The American Pageant, Volume 1'', Cengage Learning (2012)〕〔"From 1707 until 1801 ''Great Britain'' was the official designation of the kingdoms of England and Scotland". ''The Standard Reference Work: For the Home, School and Library, Volume 3'', Harold Melvin Stanford (1921)〕〔"In 1707, on the union with Scotland, 'Great Britain' became the official name of the British Kingdom, and so continued until the union with Ireland in 1801". ''United States Congressional serial set, Issue 10; Issue 3265'' (1895)〕 was a sovereign state in western Europe from 1 May 1707 to 31 December 1800. The state came into being following the Treaty of Union in 1706, ratified by the Acts of Union 1707, which united the kingdoms of England and Scotland to form a single kingdom encompassing the whole island of Great Britain and its outlying islands. It did not include Ireland, which remained a separate realm. The unitary state was governed by a single parliament and government, based at Westminster. The former kingdoms had been in personal union since James VI, King of Scots, became King of England and King of Ireland in 1603 following the death of Queen Elizabeth I, bringing about a "Union of the Crowns". Also, after the accession of George I to the throne of Great Britain in 1714, the kingdom was in personal union with the Electorate of Hanover. The early years of the unified kingdom were marked by Jacobite risings which ended with defeat for the Stuart cause at Culloden in 1746. Later, in 1763, victory in the Seven Years' War led to the dominance of the British Empire, which was to be the foremost global power for over a century and later grew to become the largest empire in history. On 1 January 1801, the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland merged to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland.〔The Acts of Union passed by both parliaments in 1800, and which created the United Kingdom, came into effect on 1 January 1801.〕 In 1922, five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the United Kingdom, and the state was renamed the "United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" – its formal name at present. ==Etymology== The name ''Britain'' descends from the Latin name for the island of Great Britain, ''Britannia'' or ''Brittānia'', the land of the Britons via the Old French ''Bretaigne'' (whence also Modern French ''Bretagne'') and Middle English ''Bretayne'', ''Breteyne''. The term ''Great Britain'' was first used officially in 1474, in the instrument drawing up the proposal for a marriage between Cecily the daughter of Edward IV of England, and James the son of James III of Scotland. The Treaty of Union and the subsequent Acts of Union state that England and Scotland were to be "United into one Kingdom by the Name of Great Britain".〔Article 1 in each of:(【引用サイトリンク】title=The Treaty (act) of the Union of Parliament 1706 ) (【引用サイトリンク】title=Union with England Act 1707 ) (【引用サイトリンク】title=Union with Scotland Act 1706 ): ''That the Two Kingdoms of Scotland and England, shall upon 1 May next ensuing the date hereof, and forever after, be United into One Kingdom by the Name of GREAT BRITAIN''.〕 The websites of the UK parliament, the Scottish Parliament, the BBC, and others, including the Historical Association, refer to the state created on 1 May 1707 as ''the United Kingdom of Great Britain''.〔〔(Acts of Union 1707 ) parliament.uk, accessed 31 December 2010〕〔(Making the Act of Union 1707 ) scottish.parliament.uk, accessed 31 December 2010 〕〔(England – Profile ) BBC, 10 February 2011〕〔(Scottish referendum: 50 fascinating facts you should know about Scotland (see fact 27) ) www.telegraph.co.uk, 11 January 2012〕〔(Uniting the kingdom? ) nationalarchives.gov.uk, accessed 31 December 2010〕〔(The Union of the Parliaments 1707 ) Learning and Teaching Scotland, accessed 2 September 2010〕〔(The Creation of the United Kingdom of Great britain in 1707 ) Historical Association, accessed 30 January 2011〕 Additionally, the term ''United Kingdom'' is also used in the Treaty of Union〔(Union with England Act 1707, Section IV ) www.legislation.gov.uk, accesses 31 October 2015〕 and was found in informal use during the 18th century to describe the state.〔William E. Burns, ''A Brief History of Great Britain'', (p. xxi )〕 However, the state created by the union of England and Scotland in 1707 is named in the treaty as ''Great Britain''; and is usually referred to by that name or as the ''Kingdom of Great Britain''.〔〔〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kingdom of Great Britain」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|